REPORT TEXT

Purpose of the Text :

To inform the readers about natural or social phenomena; to describe the way things are.

Tujuan Penulisan :

Menyampaikan informasi tentang suatu hasil pengamatan secara apa adanya.


Generic Structure (Struktur Umum) :

General Classification: pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya.

Descriptions: pembuatan informasi tentang ciri-ciri umum/generalisasi yang dimiliki subjek seperti perilaku, fisik, psikologis, kualitas, ciri-ciri khas.

Language Features (Ciri-ciri Bahasa):

• Menggunakan Simple Present Tense karena menyatakan fakta/kebenaran umum.
• Hasil pengamatan, observasi, penelitian atau studi tentang benda, binatang, orang maupun tempat.

CONTOH SOAL

Text 1

Whales are the largest animals on earth. Bigger than elephants, they may grow 95 feet long, and weigh 150 tons. A baby blue whale, just born, can be 23 feet long and weigh 3 tons.

Although whales live in the oceans and swims like a fish, they are not fish. They are mammals, like cows and elephants. Unlike fish they bear young alive, not as eggs. Their babies live on their’s mother’s milk. They breathe through their lungs and hold their breath when they go under water. If they cannot come to the surface to breathe fresh air, they will drown. They are warm-blodded. Fish, however, lay eggs, breathe oxygen in the water, and are cold-blooded.

Whales live in all the oceans. In the winter, some of them go to the warm water to breed and in the summer, most of them go to the cold water to feed. There are two kinds of whales, whales with teeth (toothed whales) and whales without teeth (baleen whales). The toothed whales eat fish and squid, which they can catch with their teeth, although they swallow their foods without chewing it. The baleen whales eat plankton (small animals and plants). When they find pankton, they open their mouths and swim into the plankton. When they close their mouth they squeeze out the water and swallow the plankton.

Whales have few enemies. Only human beings and the killer whales that attack whales. And whales do not seem to fight among themselves. They usually live from 20−30 years.

1.  The difference between whales and fish is that whales ….

     A. do not have to come to the surface to get fresh air

     B. deliver their young like elephants do

     C. will die if they can not get oxygen in the water

     D. are mammals that are cold-blooded

     E. can easily breathe when they are under water

Pembahasan :

Pada paragraf kedua dalam bacaan, dikatakan bahwa paus adalah mamalia terbesar yang hidup di laut. Namun, sekalipun mereka tinggal dan hidup di air, mereka tetap membesarkan anak yang mereka lahirkan dan bukan telur karena mamalia adalah hewan yang melahirkan, seperti halnya sapi maupun gajah dalam mengasuh anak mereka.

Jawaban: B

2.  A suitable title for the text is ….

     A. Large Animals on Earth

     B. Difference Between Whales and Elephants

     C. Whales, the Biggest Animals on Earth

     D. Similarity Between Fish and Whales

     E. The Life of Whales in the Oceans

Pembahasan :

Dalam bacaan tersebut, dari awal hingga akhir paragraf menggambarkan serta menyampaikan informasi tentang mamalia terbesar yang hidup di laut, yakni paus. Maka dari itu, jawaban yang paling tepat untuk soal ini adalah (C) Whales, the Biggest Animals on Earth.

Jawaban: C

3.  Which of the following is TRUE about the whales?

     A. Whales are generally 95 feet long and weigh 150 tons.

     B. Big animals living in the ocean tend to be their enemies.

     C. Like fish, whales can live in all kinds of water.

     D. Their life-span is usually longer than human beings.

     E. A new-born baby whale may weight one-fiftieth of its mother.

Pembahasan :

Berdasarkan bacaan di atas, maka jawaban yang paling tepat adalah (A) yang terdapat pada kalimat kedua di paragraf pertama. Sementara pilihan lainnya dalam soal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan yang terdapat dalam bacaan.

Jawaban: A

4.  Whales occasionally live in the warm water ….

     A. to get more foods

     B. for reproduction

     C. to avoid winter

     D. to get fresh air

     E. to feed their babies

Pembahasan :

Pada paragraf ketiga baris kedua dikatakan “… in the winter, some of them go to the warm water to breed” yang sesuai dengan pilihan jawaban (B) karena breed = reproduction (berkembang biak).

Jawaban: B

5.  From the text we may conclude that ….

     A. a whale can both eat squid and plankton

     B. toothed whales chew their foods before swallowing it

     C. the two types of whales live in the different waters

     D. baleen whales swallow the water containing the plankton

     E. each type of whale eats a specific kind of foods

Pembahasan :

Berdasarkan informasi yang terdapat pada paragraf ketiga, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa baik paus yang memiliki gigi (toothed whales) dan yang tidak memiliki gigi (baleen whales) memiliki makanan yang tersendiri sesuai dengan bentuk tubuh dan keunikan yang mereka miliki.

Jawaban: E