A good writer expresses his/her idea clearly to
the readers. One way to explain their idea clearly is by giving examples. This
will make their thoughts look concrete, practical, and comprehensible to the
readers. There are some words/phrases to introduce examples:
1.
for
example
2.
for
instance
3.
e.g.
4.
i.e.
5.
such
as
1.
for example
You use for example to introduce and
emphasize something which shows that something is true.
Example:
...toys designed to promote the development
of, for example, children's spatial ability.
Take, for example, the simple
sentence: 'The man climbed up the hill'.
A few simple precautions can be taken. for
example, ensuring that desks are the right height.
2.
for instance
You use for instance to introduce a
particular event, situation, or person that is an example of what you are
talking about.
Example:
There are a number of improvements, for
instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.
Is there a difference between
"for example" and "for instance"?
There is very little difference between for
example and for instance. They have the same or nearly the same
meaning, and they are used in the same way. Both of these expressions are used
when a speaker or writer wants to introduce a specific person or thing that
helps to explain or confirm a general statement. Note, however, that for
example is used much more frequently than for instance, particularly in formal
contexts, so in academic writing, it is a safer choice.
Below are some examples with for
example and for instance. In any of them, either expression could be used.
· The
situation is slowly improving. Last month, for example, the company
achieved record sales in Europe.
· It
was obvious that her memory was failing. For example, she would often
forget where she put her car keys.
· A
lot of my friends were there—John and Linda, for example.
· Poor
balance is a problem for a lot of older people, like my grandmother, for
instance.
· Mobile
devices are becoming less expensive. Sophisticated smartphones, for
instance, can now be purchased for less than $100.
3.
e.g.
e.g. is short for exempli gratia, a Latin
phrase that means “for the sake of example.” As you may guess, you use
it to introduce one or more examples. Don’t worry about listing every
possibility; e.g. is used to introduce a few examples, not a complete
list.
And now for some examples of e.g.:
·
Should
that happen to poor, as-yet unaffected places (e.g., most of South Asia
and Africa) the suffering can be great. —“WHO rejects calls to move Olympics
over Zika fears”
·
There’s
a common view that Malcolm Turnbull’s ‘30-minute city’ is yet another slight
variation on the many terms we already have for a more sustainable urban form,
e.g., compact city, walkable city, smart growth, new urbanism, urban
consolidation. —“Is Turnbull’s ’30-minute city’ a serious election issue?”
4.
i.e.
What about i.e.? A lot of people
confuse this expression with e.g., but this one does not have to do with
listing examples. i.e.’s Latin origin is the phrase id est, which
translates to English as “that is to say” or “in other words.”
Here’s a trick to remember this: associate the I of i.e. with the I of
“in other words.” Alternately, imagine that the I and E stand for “in essence.”
And now, let’s take a look at i.e.
in action:
· Besides
math and crossword puzzles, I am passionate about self-supported bicycle
touring, i.e., traveling hundreds and thousands of miles on a bike with
all my camping gear and other supplies. —The New York Times
How to Use e.g. and i.e. in
Writing
e.g. and i.e. are both lowercase when they
show up in the middle of a sentence (i.e., like this). Most American style
guides recommend a period after both letters in both abbreviations.
In general, you add a comma after e.g.
and between each subsequent example if there is more than one item in your
list. If you want your examples or your narrowing-down set apart from the rest
of the sentence, you can enclose e.g. and i.e., along with the examples
associated with them, in parentheses.
Even though exempli gratia and id
est are both Latin (and therefore italicized), no need to put e.g. or
i.e. in italics when they’re in abbreviated form. Abbrevs are all about keeping
things quick and easy, after all.
Let’s recap.
e.g. is used to give one or more possible
examples. It’s a signal that you’re seeing one or a few of multiple
possibilities.
i.e, on the other hand, clarifies; you are
providing more precise information. Where e.g. opens up more options, i.e.
narrows them down.
Compare these two examples:
After work, I’ll walk over to that new sports
arena, i.e., Thunderdome.
After work, I’ll walk over to a sports arena,
e.g., Thunderdome or Victory Court.
In the first example, you are clarifying that
Thunderdome is the exact arena that you will visit. In the second example, you
will visit Thunderdome, Victory Court, or any other sports arena.
5.
Such as
used for introducing more examples of the
type of person or thing that you have just mentioned
Example:
·
The
museum has paintings by, such Impressionist artists as Manet and
Degas.
·
The
money is used to buy basic foods, such as flour, rice, and pasta.
·
He
was keen on sporting pursuits, such as golf, skiing, shooting, and hill
walking.
These phrases essentially have the same
meaning, but they are not used in the same way.
For our purposes, let's break them up into 2 groups: phrases used within
a sentence and phrases used to begin a new sentence.
Group 1: Phrases Used Within A
Sentence
Each phrase can be used within a sentence
when it is followed by a list of items which elaborate on or show examples for
the main idea of the sentence. Here are
examples:
I can play quite a few musical instruments,
for example, the flute, the guitar, and the piano.
I can play quite a few musical instruments,
for instance, the flute, the guitar, and the piano.
I can play quite a few musical instruments,
e.g., the flute, the guitar, and the piano.
I can play quite a few musical instruments,
i.e., the flute, the guitar, and the piano.
I can play quite a few musical instruments,
such as the flute, the guitar, and the piano.
Look at the last sentence with such as. Do you see anything different with this
sentence as compared to the first three?
Such as does NOT have a comma after it; the first three
phrases have commas before and after them.
The phrase such as can be used in the middle
of a sentence without any commas.
Take a look at this example:
Car companies such as
Toyota and Ford manufacture their automobiles in many different countries
around the world.
You may be wondering why there are no
commas. The answer is simple: the words
after such as are necessary and essential to the meaning of the
sentence. If you take out those words,
the meaning will change. Let's take out such
as:
Car companies manufacture their
automobiles in many different countries around the world.
What does this sentence mean? It could mean ALL car companies manufacture
their automobiles in many different countries around the world. This is not true because some companies
produce their cars in just one or two countries. Therefore, the phrase such as Toyota and
Ford is necessary. If these words
are necessary, do not use commas.
The abbreviation ‘e.g.’ can be
written between brackets.
Example:
Man has not lived an easy life on earth. They
have to defend themselves against their constant enemies (e.g. famine,
diseases, harsh climates, and wars).
Group 2: Phrases Used To Begin A
New Sentence
Usually only for example and for
instance can begin new sentences.
Each can begin a new sentence when the phrase is followed by a complete
idea or sentence (not a list of items).
My father loves going to restaurants that
serve exotic foods. For example,
last week he went to a restaurant that serves deep-fried rattlesnake.
My father loves going to restaurants that
serve exotic foods. For instance,
last week he went to a restaurant that serves deep-fried rattlesnake.
Adopted from:
·
Pathway
to English, SMA/MA XIth Grade
·
https://www.collinsdictionary.com
·
https://learnersdictionary.com
·
https://www.grammarly.com
·
https://www.macmillandictionary.com
·
http://www.myenglishteacher.net
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